FRIDAY, July 31 (HealthDay News) -- Breast computed tomography
(CT) scans, already used experimentally to diagnose breast cancer, may
also be able to treat it, a California researcher reports.
"Breast CT is superior to mammography for [detecting] masses," said
John Boone, vice chair of research radiology at the University of
California Davis. He presented information about the potential of breast
CT for treatment this week at the American Association of Physicists in
Medicine meeting, in Anaheim, Calif.
Since 2004, Boone has led a group of UC Davis researchers in developing
the breast CT scan for diagnosing breast cancer in women. The technology's
pluses, said Boone, include being more comfortable than conventional
mammograms but just as safe.
More than 200 women have been scanned with the custom-designed breast
CT prototype scanner, he said. The technology has not yet made its way
into clinical practice, he said, but preliminary results look good.
"Breast CT is still experimental for diagnosis," he said. But it is
already looking to be more effective than traditional mammography at
detecting breast masses.
More work needs to be done to find microcalcifications, tiny specks of
calcium which don't always mean cancer is present but bear checking, he
added.
Next, Boone hopes to use the breast CT scanner to guide interventional
procedures such as a robotic biopsy, radiofrequency ablation and
cryoablation to treat breast cancer.
With the breast CT scanner, a woman lies on her stomach, face down on
the table while the breast drops through a hole in the table; the CT
scanner then rotates around the breast. The position is considered more
comfortable, especially for big-breasted women.
Boone hopes that the new scanner could be used to perform image-guided
therapies such as the technique known as radiofrequency ablation. "It
literally heats up the tissue, cooks the tumor and kills the tumor," he
said. It may help some women avoid lumpectomy and follow-up radiation
therapy.
"The concept is good," said Dr. Chika Madu, an assistant professor of
radiation oncology at Georgetown University Hospital in Washington,
D.C.
But she added a caveat that the energy level talked about by Boone may
have to be adjusted. "It may come at a price of increased toxicity to the
skin," she noted.
The technique may not work for all cancers or all women, she added. "In
small-breasted women, not enough breast may come through the hole
sufficiently [to treat]," she said. Cancer that is close to the chest wall
rather than the nipple may not be treatable by this technique either, she
said.
Even so, Madu said, "I think it's worth exploring."
Boone's study was funded partially by the industry, including Varian
Medical Systems, Fuji Medical Systems and Hologic Corp.
In another presentation at the same meeting, Michael O'Connor, a
professor of radiologic physics at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn.,
reported on molecular breast imaging (MBI), a new technique that uses
gamma cameras designed for breast imaging.
"The devices look somewhat like a mammography unit," he said. A small
amount of radioisotopes is given intravenously and is taken up by any
tumors in the breasts, he said.
In a study of 1,000 patients, mammography picked up three cancers but
MBI picked up 10, he said.
Next, O'Connor hopes to reduce the dose of radioisotopes and begin a
clinical trial. The technique is expected to especially benefit women with
dense breasts, for whom mammography is not as accurate at cancer
detection.
Efforts to find ways to detect small cancers that can't be felt on
exams should be stepped up, said Dr. Gary Whitman, a professor of
radiology at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. Other studies suggest
MBI has promise, he said, but O'Connor's finding "would need to be
confirmed."
More information
To learn more about early detection of breast cancer, visit the American Cancer Society.